Negative: Negative Correlation the relationship between two variables in which one variable increase as the other variable decreases scientific observations (components of) 1. Both variables move in the same direction. 67 causation the act of causing something, and the relationship between cause and effect positive vs negative correlation positive: Positive Correlation A correlation where as one variable increases the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. coefficient of correlation (relationships) correlation coefficient numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables, indicates direction (positive/negative) of relationship and how strongly the two variables are related ![]() For example, someone's age might be an independent variable. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. independent variable An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. This technique allows researchers to get a better look at overall trends and identify possible relationships that might exist. meta-analysis A meta-analysis is a type of statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many different individual studies devoted to a specific topic. Another way to think of this, is that these are variables the influence the outcome of an experiment, though they are not the variables that are actually of interest. extraneous variable Extraneous Variables are undesirable variables that influence the relationship between the variables that an experimenter is examining. Statistical hypothesis testing is traditionally employed to determine if a result is statistically significant or not. 3 major ethical concerns in psych research "statistically significant" The likelihood that a result or relationship is caused by something other than mere random chance. Ethical psychological studies using animals must meet the following requirements: Have a clear scientific purpose, Care for and house animals in a humane way, Acquire animal subjects legally, Design experimental procedures that employ the least amount of suffering feasible. Guidelines for human research include: Coercion, Informed consent, Anonymity/confidentiality, Lack of risk, Debriefing procedures APA Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research The APA (American Psychological Association) established ethical guidelines for human and animal research. Any type of academic research must first propose the study to the ethics board or institutional review board (IRK) at the institution. APA Ethical Guidelines for Human Research -The APA (American Psychological Association) established ethical guidelines for human and animal research. ![]() in which the evaluator watches the subjects in his or her usual environment without altering that environment. ![]() Deduction to subtract from direct observation collecting evaluative info.
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